• [Wiki] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphestes_immaculatus.
• [fishbase] http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Alphestes-immaculatus.html.
• [Eria2008] Erisman, B. E. (2008). Reproductive biology and evolution of epinephelid and serranid fishes (Perciformes, Epinephelidae, Serranidae). PhD thesis, UC San Diego.
• [Kooy2010] Kooijman, S. (2010). Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organisation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.