• [Wiki] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maculabatis_astra.
• [fishbase] https://www.fishbase.de/summary/Maculabatis-astra.html.
• [JacoBenn2011] Jacobsen, I. P. and Bennett, M. B. (2011). Life history of the blackspotted whipray Himantura astra. Journal of Fish Biology, 78:1249--1268. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02933.x.
• [Kooy2010] Kooijman, S. (2010). Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organisation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.