• [Wiki] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisula_solidissima. Accessed : 2015-04-30.
• [Guess] Guestimation.
• [Alle1953] Allen, R. D. (1953). Fertilization and artificial activation in the egg of the surf-clam Spisula solidissima. Biol. Bull., 105:213--239.
• [CargGrie1999] Cargnelli, L. M., Griesbach, S. J., Packer, D. B., and Weissberger, E. (1999). Essential fish habitat source document: Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, life history and habitat characteristics. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE, 142:13.
• [EystMors1984] Eyster, L. S. and Morse, M. P. (1984). Early shell formation during molluscan embryogenesis, with new studies on the surf clam Spisula solidissima. Amer. Zool., 24:871--882.
• [FayNeve1983] Fay, C. W., Neves, R. J., and Pardue, G. B. (1983). Species profiles: life histories and environmental requierements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Mid-Atlantic): surf clam. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Div. Biol. Serv., WS/OBS-82/11.13:23.
• [JoneThom1978] Jones, D. S., Thompson, I., and Ambrose, W. (1978). Age and growth rate determinations for the Atlantic surf clam Spisula solidissima (Bivalvia: Mactracea), based on internal growth lines in shell cross-sections. Mar. Biol., 47:63--70.
• [Kooy2010] Kooijman, S. (2010). Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organisation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
• [MuraSerc1979] Murawski, S. A. and Serchuk, F. M. (1979). An assessment of offshore surf clam, Spisula solidissima, populations off the Middle Atlantic coast of the United States. US Dep. Comm., Nat. Mar. Fish. Servo Woods Hole Lab., 79:13.
• [Rope1980] Ropes, J. W. (1980). Biological and fisheries data on the Atlantic surf clam, Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn). U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Sandy Hook Lab Tech. Ser. Rep., 24:88.
• [WalkHurl1996] Walker, R. L., Hurley, D. H., and Jansen, M. L. (1996). Fecundity of the Southern Atlantic surfclam Spisula solidissima similis. The Progressive fish-culturist, 58(4):253--257.