Dynamic effects of compounds on animal energetics and their
population consequences
Kooijman, S. A. L. M. and Bedaux, J. J. M. 2000. Dynamic effects of compounds
on animal energetics and their population consequences. In: Kammenga,
J. E. and Laskowski, R. Demography in Ecotoxicology. Wiley, 27
- 41
Abstract
Effects of toxic compounds on populations can, under certain
simplifying assumptions, be deduced from effects on individuals, and
specifically from effects on the processes of substrate uptake and use
by individuals. These effects can be understood in three steps:
toxicokinetics (how external concentrations relate to internal ones),
effects on target parameters (how internal concentrations change the
value of on a target parameter), effects on endpoints (how a change in
a target parameter relates to the endpoint of interest, such as
reproduction rate or cumulative number of offspring in a standardised
exposure period). Effects of toxicants occur at various levels of
organisation. At the molecular level, all molecules have (potential)
effects; at the level of the individual, No Effect Concentrations
exist, and at the population level, effects can be varying, even if
the concentrations in the organisms are constant.