Predictions & Data for this entry

Model: abp climate: A, C, D migrate: phylum:
COMPLETE = 3.5 ecozone: TH, TPi food: biCii class:
MRE = 0.302 habitat: 0iTh, 0iTf, 0iTi, 0iTs, 0iTg gender: D order:
SMSE = 0.110 embryo: Th reprod: O family:

Zero-variate data

Data Observed Predicted (RE) Unit Description Reference
ahT21 5 4.896 (0.0208) d age at hatch Sund1966
teT21 8.5 7.644 (0.1007) d time since pupation at emergence Sund1966
RiT21 12.52 20.04 (0.6005) #/d maximum reprod rate Sund1966
ahT25 2.42 3.165 (0.3078) d age at hatch OmkaSriv2003
t1T25 1.72 1.753 (0.01938) d duration of instar 1 OmkaSriv2003
t2T25 1.64 1.545 (0.05789) d duration of instar 2 OmkaSriv2003
t3T25 1.84 1.697 (0.07761) d duration of instar 3 OmkaSriv2003
t4T25 2.75 2.211 (0.1959) d duration of instar 4 OmkaSriv2003
teT25 3.55 4.941 (0.3918) d time since pupation at emergence OmkaSriv2003
tR125 8.2 6.625 (0.1921) d pre-oviposition period OmkaSriv2003
RiT25 25.27 31.01 (0.2268) #/d maximum reprod rate OmkaSriv2003
Ww1T25 0.00226 0.001841 (0.1855) g wet weight of instar 1 OmkaSriv2003
Ww2T25 0.00555 0.004417 (0.2041) g wet weight of instar 2 OmkaSriv2003
Ww3T25 0.01063 0.01088 (0.02321) g wet weight of instar 3 OmkaSriv2003
Ww4T25 0.01979 0.0338 (0.7078) g wet weight of instar 4 OmkaSriv2003
WwjT25 0.01505 0.05202 (2.456) g wet weight of pupa OmkaSriv2003
WweT25 0.04063 0.03344 (0.177) g wet weight of female imago after emergence OmkaSriv2003
ahT23 3.8 3.931 (0.03435) d age at hatch ObryOrr1990
t1T23 3.1 2.178 (0.2976) d duration of instar 1 ObryOrr1990
t2T23 2.2 1.919 (0.1278) d duration of instar 2 ObryOrr1990
t3T23 2.4 2.108 (0.1217) d duration of instar 3 ObryOrr1990
t4T23 5.4 2.746 (0.4914) d duration of instar 4 ObryOrr1990
teT23 6.3 6.136 (0.02596) d time since pupation at emergence ObryOrr1990
WweT23 0.0377 0.03344 (0.1131) g wet weight of female imago after emergence ObryOrr1990
L1eT23 0.765 0.7655 (0.0007008) cm body length of female imago after emergence ObryOrr1990
L2eT23 0.591 0.5711 (0.03364) cm body width female imago after emergence ObryOrr1990
ahT28 3 2.299 (0.2337) d age at hatch SingSing1993
t1T28 1.76 1.274 (0.2763) d duration of instar 1 SingSing1993
t2T28 1.8 1.122 (0.3765) d duration of instar 2 SingSing1993
t3T28 2.4 1.233 (0.4863) d duration of instar 3 SingSing1993
t4T28 3.15 1.606 (0.4901) d duration of instar 4 SingSing1993
teT28 6.68 3.589 (0.4627) d time since pupation at emergence SingSing1993
tR128 6.66 4.812 (0.2774) d pre-oviposition period SingSing1993
RiT28 47.62 42.69 (0.1036) #/d maximum reprod rate SingSing1993
aemT28 26.74 24.5 (0.08395) d life span of female imago SingSing1993
ahT24 3.56 3.526 (0.009648) d age at hatch FaroZhu2020
t1T24 2 1.953 (0.02337) d duration of instar 1 FaroZhu2020
t2T24 2 1.721 (0.1394) d duration of instar 2 FaroZhu2020
t3T24 2.47 1.891 (0.2345) d duration of instar 3 FaroZhu2020
t4T24 2.29 2.463 (0.07575) d duration of instar 4 FaroZhu2020
teT24 4.17 5.504 (0.32) d time since pupation at emergence FaroZhu2020
tR124 3.26 7.38 (1.264) d pre-oviposition period FaroZhu2020
RiT24 30.21 27.83 (0.07864) #/d maximum reprod rate FaroZhu2020
aemT24 48.16 37.57 (0.22) d life span of female imago FaroZhu2020
pA1T27 2.502e+04 1.858e+04 (0.2574) J/g.d dry-weight-specific assimilation rate at instar 1 Sing1976
pA2T27 2.983e+04 1.858e+04 (0.3772) J/g.d dry-weight-specific assimilation rate at instar 2 Sing1976
pA3T27 3.72e+04 1.858e+04 (0.5005) J/g.d dry-weight-specific assimilation rate at instar 3 Sing1976
pA4T27 3.732e+04 1.858e+04 (0.5021) J/g.d dry-weight-specific assimilation rate at instar 4 Sing1976
pAeT27 4.916e+04 3.496e+04 (0.2888) J/g.d dry-weight-specific assimilation rate of imago Sing1976
tjT25 8.9 7.207 (0.1902) d time since hatch at pupation KaluHode2004
WweT252 0.0388 0.03344 (0.1382) g wet weight of female imago after emergence KaluHode2004
Ww0 0.000187 0.001213 (5.485) g initial wet weight of an egg ChatNaz2020
Wwj 0.0424 0.05202 (0.2268) g wet weight of fresh pupa Baye2024
Ww14d 0.039 0.03344 (0.1426) g wet weight of female imago after emergence (14 d old) Baye2024
Ww21d 0.0659 0.0692 (0.05006) g wet weight of older female imago (21 d old) Baye2024
L114d 0.769 0.7655 (0.004504) cm body length of female imago after emergence (14 d old) Baye2024
L214d 0.588 0.5711 (0.02871) cm body width of female imago after emergence (14 d old) Baye2024
Wwj2 0.0415 0.05202 (0.2534) g wet weight of fresh pupa Baye2024
Ww14d2 0.0359 0.03344 (0.06861) g wet weight of female imago after emergence (14 d old) Baye2024
Ww24d 0.0658 0.0692 (0.05166) g wet weight of older female imago (24 d old) Baye2024
L114d2 0.72 0.7655 (0.06324) cm body length of female imago after emergence (14 d old) Baye2024
L214d2 0.552 0.5711 (0.03463) cm body width of female imago after emergence (14 d old) Baye2024
L124d 0.756 0.7655 (0.01261) cm body length of female imago after emergence (24 d old) Baye2024
L224d 0.555 0.5711 (0.02904) cm body width of female imago after emergence (24 d old) Baye2024

Uni- and bivariate data

Data Figure Independent variable Dependent variable (RE) Reference
tWwB1 Data for two replicated test runs time since birth wet weight (0.2073) Baye2024
tWwB2 Data for two replicated test runs time since birth wet weight (0.1294) Baye2024
tWwf1 time since birth wet weight (0.2106) Blac1967
tWwf2 time since birth wet weight (0.2125) Blac1967
tWwf3 time since birth wet weight (0.1673) Blac1967
tWwf4 time since birth wet weight (0.107) Blac1967
tWwf5 time since birth wet weight (0.1304) Blac1967
tWwf6 time since birth wet weight (0.157) Blac1967
tL1 time since birth larval length (0.1034) Baye2024
tL12 time since birth larval length (0.07806) Baye2024
tL2 time since birth larval width (0.1742) Baye2024
tL22 time since birth larval width (0.1156) Baye2024
TRi temperature maximum reprod rate (0.6016) XiaWerf1999
Tab temperature age at hatch (0.2031) TrilFrei1996
Team temperature mean imago life span (0.3408) XiaWerf1999
Tte temperature pupal development time (0.1537) TrilFrei1996
Ttj temperature larval development time (0.3554) TrilFrei1996

Pseudo-data at Tref = 20°C

Data Generalised animal Coccinella septempunctata Unit Description
v 0.02 0.04927 cm/d energy conductance
p_M 18 47.83 J/d.cm^3 vol-spec som maint
k_J 0.002 0.002 1/d maturity maint rate coefficient
k 0.3 0.184 - maintenance ratio
kap 0.8 0.7945 - allocation fraction to soma
kap_G 0.8 0.8083 - growth efficiency
kap_R 0.95 0.95 - reproduction efficiency

Discussion

  • For now, this entry focuses only on females
  • It is assumed that energetic investment in the reproduction buffer takes place during the imago stage (synovigeny) because (a) imagos still feed on live prey, and (b) the wet weight of total reproductive output exceeds the adult female wet weight by a lot (making reproductive investment only during the larval phase implausible)
  • Since ovary development takes place after emergence in the female imago, we assume an additional maturation phase after emergence
  • Pupation is triggered by a maturity threshold at the end of the larval growth phase
  • The phase from pupation until emergence is modeled analogous to the model variants hex and hax
  • During the final maturation phase after emergence, the imago feeds, does not grow, and all energy not needed for maintenance goes to maturity
  • Puberty is reached at the end of the final maturation phase after emergence
  • At puberty the imago still feeds, and does not grow, and all energy not needed for maintenance goes to egg production (like in the abp model)
  • Due to the above considerations, the model can be thought of as an extension of the abp model with an added pupa and a preoviposition phase
  • Whenever studies reported the pre-pupa duration, here it was added to the pupa phase due to functional similarity (neither feeding nor growth take place)
  • Not all developmental studies reported the pre-pupa duration, meaning that it was either included in the larval or the pupal duration; however since the pre-pupa phase was always very short, the resulting uncertainty is considered tolerable

Facts

  • Development of ovaries takes place after emergence in the female imago (Ref: PhooObry1995)
  • Imagos continue feeding on aphids (Ref: JalaReit2019)

Bibliography

Citation